CAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of Study
Sociolinguistics
is the study of how language serves and is shaped by the social nature of human
beings. In its broadest conception, sociolinguistics analyzes the many and
diverse ways in which language and society entwine. This vast field of inquiry
requires and combines insights from a number of disciplines, including
linguistics, sociology, psychology and anthropology.
Sociolinguistics
examines the interplay of language and society, with language as the starting
point. Variation is the key concept, applied to language itself and to its use.
The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and
changing. As a result, language is not homogeneous — not for the
individual user and not within or among groups of speakers who use the same
language.
CAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A.
General overview
There
are numerous definitions of sociolinguistics. However, each of these
definitions does not fail to acknowledge that sociolinguistics has to do with
language use and a society’s response to it. Let us examine them.
1. The
study of the relationship between language and society, of language variation,
and of attitudes about language.
2. A
branch of anthropological linguistics that studies how language and culture are
related, and how language is used in different social contexts.
3. A
study of the relationship between language and social factors such as class,
ethnicity, age and sex.
4. The
study of language in social contexts.
5. The
study of the sociological factors involved in the use of language, including
gender, race, class, etc.
6. The
study of stylistic and social variation of language (vernacular).
7. The
study of language in relation to its socio-cultural context.
8. Sociolinguistics
is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including
cultural norms, expectations, and context on the way language is used.
9. The
study of social and cultural effects on language.
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CHAPTER
III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Sociolinguistics
is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society,
including cultural norms, expectations,
and context, on the way language
is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs
from sociology of language
in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the
language, while the latter's focus is on the language's effect on the society.
Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics.
It is historically closely related to linguistic anthropology
and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently.
It also studies how language varieties
differ between groups separated by certain social
variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion,
status, gender,
level of education, age,
etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize
individuals in social or socioeconomic classes.
As the usage of a language varies from place to place, language usage also
varies among social classes, and it is these sociolects
that sociolinguistics studies.
The social aspects of language were in
the modern sense first studied by Indian and Japanese linguists in the 1930s,
and also by Gauchat in Switzerland in the early 1900s, but none received much
attention in the West until much later. The study of the social motivation of language
change, on the other hand, has its foundation in the wave
model of the late 19th century. The first attested use of
the term sociolinguistics was by Thomas Callan Hodson
in the title of a 1939 paper. Sociolinguistics in the West first appeared in
the 1960s and was pioneered by linguists such as William
Labov in the US and Basil
Bernstein in the UK.
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/socioling/
Marcyliena
Morgan, "Speech Community." A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology,
ed. by A.
Fromkin,
Victoria and Robert Rodman. 1983. An Introduction to Language (third edition).
New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Zdenek Salzmann,
Language, Culture, and Society: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology.
Westview, 2004.
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